Medications

Plain-language guides to the psychiatric medications people ask about most. Each one covers what it treats, what to expect, side effects, and how to come off it safely.

Benzodiazepine

Alprazolam (Xanax)

A fast-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety and panic, intended mainly for short-term or occasional use.

ADHD medication (stimulant)

Amphetamine (Adderall)

A stimulant medication for ADHD, the amphetamine-based type.

Atypical antipsychotic

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

An atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and as an add-on for depression.

ADHD medication (non-stimulant)

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

A non-stimulant medication for ADHD, taken daily.

Atypical antidepressant (NDRI)

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

An atypical antidepressant, an NDRI, used for depression, seasonal depression, and smoking cessation.

Anxiolytic

Buspirone (BuSpar)

A non-sedating anti-anxiety medication for generalized anxiety, taken daily.

SSRI

Citalopram (Celexa)

An SSRI antidepressant used mainly for depression.

Benzodiazepine

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

A long-acting benzodiazepine used for panic disorder and certain seizure conditions.

SNRI

Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

An SNRI antidepressant, closely related to venlafaxine.

Benzodiazepine

Diazepam (Valium)

A long-acting benzodiazepine used for anxiety and several other conditions.

SNRI

Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

An SNRI antidepressant that is also used for several chronic pain conditions.

SSRI

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

An SSRI antidepressant used for depression and generalized anxiety disorder.

SSRI

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

An SSRI antidepressant used for depression, OCD, panic, and bulimia, known for its long half-life.

ADHD medication (non-stimulant)

Guanfacine (Intuniv)

A non-stimulant ADHD medication, often used on its own or added to a stimulant.

Anxiolytic (antihistamine)

Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)

An antihistamine used for anxiety, often as needed, without the dependence risk of benzodiazepines.

Mood stabilizer

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A mood stabilizer used mainly to prevent depressive episodes in bipolar disorder.

ADHD medication (stimulant)

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

A long-acting stimulant for ADHD, taken once daily, also approved for binge eating disorder.

Mood stabilizer

Lithium

A long-established mood stabilizer, still considered a benchmark treatment for bipolar disorder.

Benzodiazepine

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A benzodiazepine used for anxiety, intended mainly for short-term or occasional use.

ADHD medication (stimulant)

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

A stimulant medication for ADHD, one of the two main stimulant types.

Atypical antidepressant

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

An atypical antidepressant often chosen when depression comes with poor sleep and loss of appetite.

SSRI

Paroxetine (Paxil)

An SSRI antidepressant used for depression and a wide range of anxiety disorders.

Beta blocker (off-label for anxiety)

Propranolol (Inderal)

A beta blocker used off-label for the physical symptoms of situational anxiety, such as performance anxiety.

Atypical antipsychotic

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

An atypical antipsychotic used for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and as an add-on for depression.

SSRI

Sertraline (Zoloft)

An SSRI antidepressant used for depression, anxiety, panic, OCD, PTSD, and PMDD.

Atypical antidepressant

Trazodone (Desyrel)

An older antidepressant now used most often, at low doses, as a sleep aid.

SNRI

Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)

An SNRI antidepressant used for depression and several anxiety disorders.

Atypical antidepressant

Vortioxetine (Trintellix)

A newer antidepressant for depression, with a lower rate of sexual side effects than many SSRIs.